🦶 What Is Hallux Valgus (Bunion)?

Hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, is a deformity where the big toe deviates toward the second toe, forming a bony lump at the base joint. This condition affects about 1 in 5 adults, especially women, and can occur on one or both feet.

📋 Common Signs & Symptoms

1. Noticeable bony bump at the big toe joint
2. Big toe shifts toward the second toe
3. Pain, swelling, and stiffness around the joint
4. Red, inflamed, or thickened skin over the bunion
5. Difficulty finding comfortable shoes
6. In some cases, deformity of smaller toes

🧬 What Causes Bunions?

The exact cause is unclear, but contributing factors include:

1. Genetics (runs in families)
2. Foot structure and biomechanical imbalances
3. Poor footwear (tight, narrow, or high heels)
4. Previous toe injuries
5. Joint hypermobility
6. Inflammatory arthritis (e.g., rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis)
7. Neuromuscular conditions (e.g., stroke, MS, cerebral palsy)
8. Repetitive stress (walking, running, standing long hours)

🛠️ How to Manage Bunions Without Surgery

Non-surgical treatments can relieve discomfort but won’t reverse the deformity. Lifestyle and footwear changes are key.

✅ Helpful Tips:

1. Wear wide, soft, and supportive shoes
2. Use orthotic insoles or bunion pads
3. Rest and elevate your foot when swollen
4. Apply ice (20 minutes, every few hours)
5. Do gentle foot stretches and low-impact exercises (e.g., swimming)
6. Maintain a healthy weight

🚫 Things to Avoid:

1. High heels, narrow shoes, and pointy toes
2. Flip-flops or backless slippers
3. Prolonged standing or walking
4. Walking barefoot on hard floors

👟 Footwear Advice

Choose shoes that:

1. Have a wide toe box and deep interior
2. Are made from soft materials that reduce friction
3. Avoid tight or rigid styles that press on the bunion

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